WHEN WILL WESTERN NATIONS RETURN ETHIOPIA’S STOLEN TREASURES?

Written by Dr. Kwame Opoku
Friday, 19 September 2008
Probably very few countries have been so systematically and intensively deprived of their cultural objects with tremendous violence by Western European countries as Ethiopia has been. First, the British under Queen Victoria sent an army in 1868 to conquer the African country under Emperor Tewodros. The Ethiopian ruler committed suicide in Magdala, the capital, with a gun given to him previously as a gift by Queen Victoria rather than let himself be captured and humiliated by the invading British Army. The barbarous behaviour of the invading army after conquer and loot has been described many times.
The list of objects stolen by the British, including processional crosses, imperial gold and silver crowns, historical and religious illustrated manuscripts and other objects from Ethiopia will fill pages. Ethiopia became Christian in the 4th Century, long before many in Europe had heard of Christianity.
The second military invasion and despoliation of Ethiopia was in 1936 by the Italians under the fascist leadership of Benito Mussolini who with his soldiers took, among other things, the obelisk at Axum, now returned. But there are still other objects such as works of art, archives, library of Haile Selassie, objects of religious and cultural significance, and the plane of the daughter of the Emperor held by the Italians from their occupation of the land of Emperor Haile Selassie.
Italy has returned the heavy obelisk and can be expected to return the various stolen crosses and manuscripts it still holds. If the recent impressive historic action of Italy paying compensation to Libya for colonization is any indication of its future policy, we can expect Italy to pay also compensation for the colonial occupation of Ethiopia. Furthermore, the return of the Venus of Cyrene to Tripoli should facilitate the return of stolen Ethiopian artifacts in Italy.
During all these historic gestures of compensation and reconciliation, including apologies for wrongful historical acts, we have not heard from the British that they have also understood the necessity for such gestures and restitution. There is no indication that Great Britain, which started the looting of African cultural objects with military force, has any intention of following the path opened by Italy. The British Museum has thousands of very precious Ethiopian manuscripts and objects. The Universities of Edinburgh, Cambridge, Oxford, Manchester and others all have their share of these stolen precious manuscripts and objects. The British Museum pretends to respect the religious objects such as the holy tabots. With all due respect to Neil MacGregor, respect for objects does not replace respect for the rights of ownership and the freedom of religion and religious practice. How long are the British going to refuse to do the right thing? How can Christians steal the crosses, Bibles and other religious objects that the Ethiopian Orthodox Church needs for its religious practice and refuse to return them? Where then is the belief in democracy and the freedom of religion and religious practice which the British are always preaching to the rest of the world?

The hope of many who are holding onto stolen cultural objects may be that time will obliterate the painful memories of such wrongful acts. Experience however has shown that no people ever forget such historical injustices and the Ethiopians have shown enough that they intend to recover their cultural treasures however long this may take. The article below shows the determination of the Ethiopians to keep on fighting for their rights. How long are the Western Europeans going to pretend not to hear the painful but courageous cries of the Ethiopians? Is the present generation of Europeans as rapacious, aggressive, insensitive and brutal as their forefathers? Are they going to condone the crimes and wrongdoings of the past generations? Only time will tell but they should make no mistake: the issue of restitution of stolen or looted objects will not disappear from our world.

Compare Mayan and Egyptian Mythology

An Ethiopian Journal
Connecting the dots on Ethiopia >>> The Truth Shall Set You Free

Comparing Mayan mythology to Egyptian, one finds uncanny similarities.

In Egyptian mythology, Osiris was creator and first ruler of Egypt. He was popular with his subjects, but his brother, Seth, was jealous of his popularity, plotted against him, deceived Osiris and killed him. Seth then cut the body into 14 pieces and spread the pieces throughout Egypt.
When Isis (wife of Osiris) learned her husband was killed, she searched Egypt looking for his body parts. She found all but one part, and using magic she put his body back together and wrapped him in bandages. During the process of putting him back together, Isis breathed life back into Osiris’ body and became impregnated, conceiving their son Horus.
The young Horus went out to battle his uncle Seth and avenge his father’s death.
After a series of contests and battles, neither god was able to secure an overall victory. Ultimately Osiris was declared king of the underworld, Horus king of the living, and Seth ruler of the deserts as the god of chaos and evil.
Horus eventually avenged his father’s death by killing his uncle Seth.
Horus became the god of the sky. One of his eyes is the sun and the other is the moon. Both are seen each day and night when, as a falcon, Horus flies across the sky.
One fascinating notion is that both the Egyptian and Mayan account described in this video could possibly have been derived from a more ancient source.
Even more remarkable parallels have been found between Mayan mythology and the biblical account of creation in the book of Genesis.

http://tseday.wordpress.com/2008/09/13/compare-mayan-and-egyptian-mythology/


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VbPXBNpb9ls

The Book of Revelation

The prediction for the next passage does not appear to be so fortuitous, perhaps indicating why the Anunnaki did not fulfil their promise to return in Jesus’ time. Kingship was not restored in the way that it had been promised. Instead, a new religion arose regarding the establishment of the Kingdom of God on Earth. With it came prophecies regarding ‘the next time’. Within the Book of Revelation there are references that have the distinct ring of the dark star about them.
Just as Nibiru brought catastrophe to Earth in the form of the Flood around 11,000 BC, so do certain prophecies portend future disaster following the Second Coming of the Lord. In Revelation 12:1-4;


“Next appeared a great portent in heaven, a woman robed with the sun, beneath her feet the moon, and on her head a crown of twleve stars. She was pregnant, and in the anguish of her labour she cried out to be delivered. Then a second portent appeared in heaven: a great red dragon with seven heads and ten horns; on his heads were seven diadems, and with his tail he swept down a third of the stars in the sky and flung them to the earth.” (1)
The pregnant woman in the sky is quite clearly Sirius, and this is a Christian rendition of the ancient Egyptian Isis myth. The moon is at her feet, implying that the scene is being observed upside-down, with the ecliptic below Sirius. This might imply the retrograde ‘birth’ of the Son celestially. The 12 stars in the crown are the lesser stars of the constellation Canis Major. Instead of the birth of the Celestial Messiah, however, this vision brings forth Nibiru and its moons in a far more malevolent aspect. Instead of Horus, we have Seth.
Ancient Sumerian religious texts described Nibiru as ‘the Lord’, and I think this was a device used by the early Christians, who appear to have understood this material well, but whose fledgling religion became irreconcilably altered through the reformation of Christianity by the Literalist Roman Church in subsequent centuries. Given that, it might be useful to try and make sense of these verses.
In His final teachings before His ascension, presumably back to Heaven, Jesus is said to have promised to return to Earth, prior to the Apocalypse, and save those faithful to Him by ascending them to Heaven. This was meant to have happened during the lifetime of the early followers, a claim that was either misunderstood, or simply not met. As such, the prophecy of Armageddon has remained with us down the centuries. It is linked with the appearance of a celestial ‘Satan’, that appears to resemble a ‘great red dragon’. We have already come across the ‘dragon’ imagery used to describe the dark star, and here we have it complete with 7 heads and 7 crowns, which would indicate to me the 7 moons.
“The seven heads are seven hills on which the woman sits. They represent also seven kings, of whom five have already fallen, one is now reigning, and the other is yet to come; and when he does he is only to last for a little while” Revelation 17: 9-10
The seven hills are allegorical for 7 celestial mountains, or planets, in the sense that Alan Alford has studied in great depth (2). The woman sat on the ‘hills’would indicate to me the presence of life on these moons, in a similar way that Gaia is the goddess of the Earth. The 10 horns are less easy to explain astronomically, and the Book of Revelation indicates that they are Kings who have yet to reign. This mirrors the verse above about the 7 Kings, of whom 5 have already reigned. This might correlate with the individual reigns of god-Kings for each Sar, or orbit of Nibiru. I wonder if these interpretations make reference to the number of Nibiruan passages left, in the same way that the demi-god reigns in the Egyptian and Sumerian King Lists allude to the passages of the Celestial Lord? In which case, which passage is the one that spells disaster?
The verse containing the reference to a tail encompassing a third part of heaven certainly brings a comet to mind. The tail described is vast. The line also describes a casting of the stars down to Earth. This is either meteoritic bombardment, or the movement of the heavens as seen from Earth. Perhaps there will be another tilt of the axis of the Earth, with a repeat of the ‘sky falling’. Does the overall sense of this describe an astronomical phenomenon associated with the dark star Nibiru? I think that it does, and the link between this vision of Armageddon and the return of the Messiah further strengthens the case in my mind. In the Christian religion, the duality is between Christ and Satan.
While Satan destroys the world physically, the faithful are spiritually elevated by Christ.
The Book of Revelation contains much detail about the ‘Beast’ and the ‘Dragon’, that I presume to be a description of the red Star, the ‘planet’ Nibiru. There are many references also to the seven angels, who are the 7 moons of Nibiru. The Beast is both number 8, and also one of the seven:
“As for the beast that once was alive and is alive no longer, he is an eighth – and yet he is one of the seven, and he is going to perdition” Revelation 17: 11
The Beast is the brown dwarf, a ‘planet’ that once shone brightly with its own light when primordial. It now gives out little visible light, and is a dark star. It is technically the 8th star in the configuration, yet its presence is really the essence of the 7 planetary ‘stars’ (moons), as it defines the Nibiruan system.
The number usually associated with the Beast is 666. In his book ‘The Cosmic Code’, Zecharia Sitchin has explored the meaning of this numerical figure using the methods of Gematria.
He has speculated that the meaning of this figure has less to do with the Greek word LATEINOS, depicting the Roman Empire, but instead was derived from the Hebrew SiTRO, which means ‘his secret’ or ‘his hidden thing’(3).
Sitchin then shows a link with the Sumerian-derived account of the Celestial Battle in the form of Psalms 18: “The Earth shook and trembled, the foundations of the hills were shaken… There went up smoke from his nostrils, A devouring fire went out of his mouth… He made darkness his secret, By a watery darkness and celestial clouds covered.” Psalms 18: 8-12 [His emphasis]
Sitchin has not finished there. Taking the Biblical names for the planets of the Celestial Battle, Tehom Rabah, Sitchin concludes: ‘…then a numerical approach to the enigma of the “666” would suggest that the Book of Revelation was speaking of the Return of the Celestial Lord in a re-enactment of the Celestial Battle; for the sum total of the numerical value of Az [“then”] + Tehom + Rabah is 666” (3).
He may be correct, as we are about to see. Zecharia Sitchin generally steers clear of Christian mythology, but this reference within the Book of Revelation to hidden knowledge about Nibiru strongly implies that the Christian religion itself is built upon such hidden teachings. The direct references to be found within the Book of Revelation begin to make a lot of sense when one bears in mind the image of the red coloured Celestial Lord with its seven attendant moons.
The Origin of 'Satan'
This dual identity in Judaeo-Christian myth between the Messianic Star and a celestial Anti-Christ, Satan, reflects the very same duality used by the ancient Egyptians. We have already seen how the dark star can take on the guise of the Messianic Horus, or the evil red-haired Seth. An isolated Kurdish sect maintains a belief in ‘Shaitan’, as well as a strong tradition connected with the Flood. The Yezidis live in the highlands of Eastern Turkey and believe that Shaitan is the ‘true force of divine power in the world, and that they themselves are descendants of Seth, the third son of Adam’ (4). In the same way as we reduce the ancient ‘Shumer’ to ‘Sumer’, Shaitan can be reduced to ‘Saitan’. That this ancient and rather bizarre tradition is maintained at all is remarkable, given the persecution that the Yezidis have brought upon themselves for their ‘Satan-worship’. But the link with the Flood and the landing of the Ark of Noah in the very same mountains, might give us an insight into how a celestial ‘Satan’ was linked with the Flood in the first place.
The Nature of the Apocalypse
The nature of the Apocalypse, caused by a Nibiruan passage through the planetary zone, might take a number of guises. A straightforward analysis of the planetary interactions would have it that the close passage of Nibiru would directly cause a tilt of the Earth, or even a disruption to the orbit of our planet, by gravitational interaction. But this seems very unlikely at the distance we are talking of here, even at celestial Opposition. It is true that Nibiru passes within the orbit of Jupiter, and is a bigger body. But one recognises that even an alignment of the known planets causes no such gravitational effect, so why should Nibiru’s passage through the asteroid belt? Its gravitational effect will not be significantly greater than Jupiter. This has allowed many to dismiss Sitchin’s arguments about Nibiru’s powerful gravitational effect on the Earth, particularly as Sitchin regards Nibiru to be a much smaller body than I do. There are a couple of points to make that may make a direct gravitational effect more likely as a force to be reckoned with.
Firstly, the planets in the solar system are arranged in an orderly fashion, lying as they do on the same plane, the ecliptic. Pluto is an exception, but its nature is less planet-like than the others, anyway. The planets are also regularly spaced and enjoy roughly circular orbits. The forces between the planets and the Sun lie in two dimensions, across the plane of the ecliptic. Nibiru does not have this kind of orbit at all. It has a highly elongated orbit that is inclined to the ecliptic to a greater degree than Pluto. Its gravitational muscle will interact with the Earth in three dimensions, not two, and will potentially exert forces along the vector perpendicular to that of the other planets. This would lend some credence to the idea that Nibiru could affect the Earth by its direct gravitational effect. However, the evidence within the solar system tends to negate this argument. Mars, for instance, would surely have a much more erratic orbit. The paper by Hills also gives theoretical findings that show us how little a brown dwarf would affect the orbits of the planets when one passes through the planetary zone:
“It is evident from the lack of damage to the planetary orbits that no Oort cloud object as massive as 0.05M* has passed through the planetary system since the dissipation of the solar nebula. Because the change in the eccentricity is proportional to the intruder mass Mi, any intrusions of objects from the Oort cloud having masses less than about 0.02M* = 20 Jupiter masses would not have produced a noticeable effect on the orbits of the planets. One or two such intruders could pass through the planetary system and not noticeably perturb the present orbits of the planets (unless an intruder happened to make an improbably close encounter with one of the planets, or unless its perihelion distance Rmin was very much less than the semimajor axes of the planets)”. (5)
M* is the mass of the Sun. Since the Perturber, our brown dwarf Nibiru, has been calculated to have only several times the mass of the planet Jupiter, it falls well within this limit set by Hills. As such, it will not alter the orbits of the planets unless it makes an ‘improbably close encounter’, which is highly unlikely given that perihelion is around the position of the asteroid belt. So Nibiru will not adversely affect the Earth directly.
But the ‘binding energies’ of the planets gives as a different perspective on how planets can affect each other’s orbits, and in that I think we can find a clue to how the ‘sky fell’. In turn, this could indicate how the Earth could once again be affected by the perihelion passage of the dark star. If Nibiru’s orbit is unstable, and it would certainly appear to be, then changes affecting it would then have a knock-on effect on the other planets.
If the Anunnaki were able to discern the solar system planetary configuration when Nibiru next passes through, and this does not appear to be an unreasonable supposition, then they might be able to predict when problems might occur. Remarkably, this would very much depend on the alignments of the planets, as seen from Earth.
Let me explain. If Nibiru passes through a zodiacal house during its perihelion passage (either Leo/Cancer or Taurus/Aries), and at that time there are other planets in that constellation, then the alignment would indicate conjunction with those planets. This doesn’t necessarily hold for Mercury or Venus, but these two inner planets are unlikely to make a difference to Nibiru anyway. The real players are Jupiter, Saturn and possibly Uranus and Neptune, or even Mars. When Nibiru lines up with one of these planets as it transits the planet’s ‘station’, then its unstable orbit might be affected by the close passage past the planet. It could experience a small sling-shot action, and this might alter its orbit once again. The stable, known planet would be less likely to be affected because it sits in a stable orbital configuration and is ‘shepherded’ by the Sun’. Nibiru is far more erratic, and a small tug could potentially make a bigger difference to its orbit, as the calculations by Hills show (5). A change in Nibiru’s orbit would change its biding energy and, thus, the binding energies of the other planets. Hence, the ‘sky would fall’. Without coming near the Earth, Nibiru could cause massive damage to the Earth’s orbit, tilt and environment.
From the perspective of observers on Earth, the zodiacal alignments of the planets during the Nibiruan perihelion passage take on great importance. Astrology then takes on an entirely new meaning. The configurations of the planets during the perihelion passage would indicate in advance the fate Earth would suffer. Planets at opposition to each other would mean a peaceful transit of the dark star, but planets in conjunction could potentially spell disaster. I suspect this is where the ‘12 planets’ really takes on meaning. Nibiru offers the key to our understanding of ancient astrology, and potentially leads us to daring conclusions about the work of astrologers and seers like Nostradamus.
If the Book of Revelation sets out the nature of the next orbit, then we might find the following passages of great interest:
“But one of the elders said to me: ‘Do not weep; for the Lion from the tribe of Judah, the Scion of David, has won the right to open the scroll and break its seven seals’”. Revelation 5: 5
This reference to the Lion is made in conjunction with the ‘Scion of David’ (the ‘Star’) and the breaking of the seven seals (the appearance of the 7 stars of Nibiru):
“I, Jesus, have sent my angel to you with this testimony for the churches. I am the scion and offspring of David, the bright star of dawn.” Revelation 22:16
So Jesus is equated with the Scion of David, and is the bright star of dawn. He is the human embodiment of the Messianic Star. We already know that Nibiru cuts across the ecliptic in Cancer, moving from Leo as it does so, and the relative perspective of the constellation Nibiru appears in at that point depends on the Earth’s position relative to the Sun and Nibiru at the time. For the ‘seven seals to be broken’ when Nibiru transits Leo is highly likely, as the stars begin to appear as Nibiru rushes towards perihelion. This passage sets the scene for what is to come.
The Apocalypse is tied to the Lamb, who is equated with Christ. But the Lamb could also be an astronomical reference, tying Nibiru to the zodiacal constellation of Aries. Nibiru passes through Aries as it leaves the perihelion voyage to exit the solar system, and this occurs as Nibiru again cuts the ecliptic. In the same way that Orion is associated with the Flood passage of Nibiru, Aries appears to be associated with the passage of the future Apocalypse. The fight between the Lamb and the dragon, or beast, appears to refer to Nibiru’s transit through Aries, and the disaster that ensues. Does Jupiter lie in Aries at the time?
“Then I looked, and on Mount Zion stood the Lamb, and with him were a hundred and forty-four thousand who had his name and the name of his Father written on their foreheads.” Revelation 14:1
Does Mount Zion refer to one of the planets, possibly Jupiter or Saturn, lying in Aries as Nibiru ascends towards this constellation from the Duat? The figure 144,000 is not a reference to the number of human followers of Christ, but to years.
144,000 is divisible by one Nibiruan orbit of 3,600 years by exactly 40, and so this verse clearly alludes to 40 orbits of Nibiru.
The Celestial Battle of the Apocalypse as described in the Book of Revelation is a complex affair. It appears to describe the same events over again, giving the impression of a succession of actions, when they might be accounts of a few celestial movements in the sky. The dragon is thrown down from the sky, for instance, and this might allude to its drop into the Duat, or to the sky falling during the ensuing battle. There is a great struggle between good and evil, before the beast is finally chained up. But its banishment into the abyss is only 1000 years, and this might indicate a major change in Nibiru’s orbit as a result of this new Celestial Battle:
“Then I saw an angel coming down from heaven with the key of the abyss and a great chain in his hands. He seized the dragon, that serpent of old, the Devil or Satan, and chained him up for a thousand years; he threw him into the abyss, shutting and sealing it over him, so that he might seduce the nations no more until a thousand years were over. After that he must be let loose for a while.” Revelation 20: 1-4
After this period of one thousand years, during which Christ’s peace reigns on the Earth, and the Christian martyrs have been resurrected, the celestial ‘dragon’ returns from his dungeon in the abyss. Then follows the Day of Judgement. The followers of Christ find a new home in Heaven, where the light of the Moon and Sun are no longer required. This celestial vision ends the Prophecy, perhaps alluding to everlasting life in the Nibiru system.
The Book of Revelation can be interpreted in many ways. It is full of colourful imagery, and is difficult to fathom, but there are celestial references contained within that appear to marry well with the older mythologies that pre-dated Christianity. The allegories contained within this book of prophecy may stem from those older myths about the Winged Disc. More frightening still is the possibility that the astrology of Nibiru’s perihelion may have indicated to the ancients that the next passage spelt trouble.

Written by Andy Lloyd, author of 'The Dark Star'
Published by Timeless Voyager Press 2005
© April 2001

References
1) Thanks to P. Mistlberger, Rowland BBS ‘Zecharia Sitchin’ April/May 2000 2) A. Alford “When the Gods Came Down” Hodder & Stoughton 2000 3) Z. Sitchin "The Cosmic Code" pp166-8 Avon 1998 4) D. Rohl “Legend: The Genesis of Civilisation” p146 Arrow 1998 5) J. Hills “The Passage of a Nemesis-like object through the planetary system” Astron. J. 90, 1876-1882, 1985
Images:
1.Detail from: 'Jerusalem' (c. 1804-1820, William Blake) 2. The Beast. Borrowed from somewhere on the Net. Neat pic, even if it probably isn't what the writer of Revelation had in mind... 3. "The Four and Twenty Elders Casting their Crowns before the Divine Throne" (c.1803-5, William Blake, at the Tate Gallery, London) 4. Buch der Heiligen Dreifaltigkeit, early 15th Century ("The seven planets, metals and virtues and assigned to his extremities, his body and his wound in his side" Alexander Roob, Taschen 2001)
One Thousand Years to The Day...
Here are some additional points made by Larry Schamber, who considers it possible that there is a coded reference to the orbital period of Nibiru in the Book of Revelation. A Day signifies a Millennium, and the many references to 3.5 days hence allude to a Nibiruan Age:
"I'll give the 1000 years is a day first:
Psalm 90:2-4 Before the mountains were brought forth, or ever thou hadst formed the earth and the world, even from everlasting to everlasting, thou art God. [3] Thou turnest man to destruction; and sayest, Return, ye children of men. [4] For a thousand years in thy sight are but as yesterday when it is past, and as a watch in the night.
I include the following because through connections that I cannot quite explain, I believe this could be a prophesy of the return of Christ. The "in the fourth watch in the night" could be interpreted as a passage of 3.5 times = 3.5 God's years = 3500 years. If that is the key then the rest of the interpretation easily falls out...
The sea = abyss = the visible arch of sky = the changeable future (sea is like the future, fluid, in flux and always subject to change) ... Mindful of this analogy we could see the meaning of Jesus walking upon the waters:: Jesus walking in the heavens. A wandering object in the heavens could be Nibiru.
Rev. 11:9 And they of the people and kindreds and tongues and nations shall see their dead bodies three days and an half, and shall not suffer their dead bodies to be put in graves.
Rev. 11:11-13 And after three days and an half the Spirit of life from God entered into them, and they stood upon their feet; and great fear fell upon them which saw them. [12] And they heard a great voice from heaven saying unto them, Come up hither. And they ascended up to heaven in a cloud; and their enemies beheld them. [13] And the same hour was there a great earthquake, and the tenth part of the city fell, and in the earthquake were slain of men seven thousand: and the remnant were affrighted, and gave glory to the God of heaven.
Something to think about."
Larry 5th November 2001
Larry has further evidence to substantiate this proposal and can be contacted by e-mail: larry_schamber@hotmail.com
The Hampton Throne
Greg Jenner has been researching the enigmatic 'Hampton Thrones' and wonders whether the mix of Winged Disc symbolism and anticipation of the second Coming of Christ could be interlinked:
"Andy,
Thought you might be interested in this:
I got my hands on an interesting book called ‘Time’s Arrow Time’s Cycle – Myth and Metaphor in the Discovery of Geological Time’ by: Stephen Jay Gould. Copy-rite 1987, Harvard University Press.
On page 181 Gould mentions a person named James Hampton who was an African American originally from South Carolina and later became a janitor in Washington D.C. (1909-1964). Beginning in 1931 he had ‘instructions’ from angels to build a throne for the second coming of Christ and as it turns out he built 177 pieces altogether for his ‘Christ throne room.’ He eventually died in 1964 but left behind some very unusual artwork pieces that you can now view at the National Museum of American Art in Washington D.C.
What caught my attention though was the re-occurring theme of a ball with wings splattered throughout his artwork. Where have we seen this symbology before?! What is so amazing to me is the entire book is devoted to THE CYCLE OF TIME, and the BALL WITH WINGS on Hampton’s throne is a great example of this.
Was Hampton visualizing Nibiru? I think so!"
From Greg Jenner, 16th March 2004

Celebrating Kwanzaa*

DEFINITION OF KWANZAA:

Kwanzaa is a unique African American celebration with focus on the traditional African values of family, community responsibility, commerce, and self-improvement. Kwanzaa is neither political nor religious and despite some misconceptions, is not a substitute for Christmas. It is simply a time of reaffirming African-American people, their ancestors and culture. Kwanzaa, which means "first fruits of the harvest" in the African language Kiswahili, has gained tremendous acceptance. Since its founding in 1966 by Dr. Maulana Karenga, Kwanzaa has come to be observed by more than18 million people worldwide, as reported by the New York Times. When establishing Kwanzaa in 1966, Dr. Karenga included an additional "a" to the end of the spelling to reflect the difference between the African American celebration (kwanzaa) and the Motherland spelling (kwanza).
Kwanzaa is based on the Nguzo Saba (seven guiding principles), one for each day of the observance, and is celebrated from December 26th to January 1st.

Umoja (oo-MO-jah) Unity stresses the importance of togetherness for the family and the community, which is reflected in the African saying, "I am We," or "I am because We are."
Kujichagulia (koo-gee-cha-goo-LEE-yah) Self-Determination requires that we define our common interests and make decisions that are in the best interest of our family and community.
Ujima (oo-GEE-mah) Collective Work and Responsibility reminds us of our obligation to the past, present and future, and that we have a role to play in the community, society, and world.
Ujamaa (oo-JAH-mah) Cooperative economics emphasizes our collective economic strength and encourages us to meet common needs through mutual support.
Nia (NEE-yah) Purpose encourages us to look within ourselves and to set personal goals that are beneficial to the community.
Kuumba (koo-OOM-bah) Creativity makes use of our creative energies to build and maintain a strong and vibrant community.
Imani (ee-MAH-nee) Faith focuses on honoring the best of our traditions, draws upon the best in ourselves, and helps us strive for a higher level of life for humankind, by affirming our self-worth and confidence in our ability to succeed and triumph in righteous struggle.

CELEBRATING KWANZAA As it is always better to get an early start, I suggest that you begin the first week in December by making a check list for the following items: A Kinara (candle holder); Mkeka (placemat preferably made of straw); Mazao (crops, i.e., fruits and vegetables); Vibunzi/Muhindi (ears of corn to reflect the number of children in the household); Kikombe cha umoja (communal unity cup); Mishumaa saba (seven candles, one black, three red, and three green); and Zawadi (gifts that are enriching).

It is important that the Kinara not be confused with the menorah.*
The Kinara holds seven candles to reflect the seven principles which are the foundation of Kwanzaa. If you don't have a Kinara and don't know where to get one, it is suggested that you use "kuumba" (creativity) and make one. A 2x4 or a piece of driftwood will do just fine, and screw-in candle holders can be purchased in most hardware stores. The Mkeka (place mat) shouldn't present a problem. While straw is suggested because it is traditional, cloth makes an adequate substitute. If cloth is used, one with an African print is preferred. The other symbols are easy to come by and warrant no further discussion other than to caution against placing the Mazao (crops)in a cornucopia which is Western. A plain straw basket or a bowl will do just fine. One last note, even households without any children should place an ear of corn on the place mat to symbolize the African concept of social parenthood. All seven symbols are creatively placed on top of the place mat, i.e., the symbols should be attractively arranged as they form the Kwanzaa centerpiece.

DECORATING THE HOME The Kinara along with the other symbols of Kwanzaa should dominate the room, which should be given an African motif. This is easily achieved and shouldn't result in too much expense. The colors of Kwanzaa are black, red and green. This should be kept in mind when decorating the home. Black, red and green streamers, balloons, cloth, flowers, and African prints can be hung tastefully around the room. Original art and sculpture may be displayed as well.
GIFTS Kuumba (creativity) is greatly encouraged. Not only is Kuumba one of the seven principles, it also brings a sense of personal satisfaction and puts one squarely into the spirit of Kwanzaa. Therefore, those symbols that can be made, should be made. The giving of gifts during Kwanzaa should be affordable and of an educational or artistic nature. Gifts are usually exchanged between parents and children and traditionally given on January 1st, the last day of Kwanzaa. However, gift giving during Kwanzaa may occur at any time.


THE KWANZAA FEAST OR KARAMU The Kwanzaa Karumu is traditionally held on December 31st (participants celebrating New Year's Eve, should plan their Karamu early in the evening). It is a very special event as it is the one Kwanzaa event that brings us closer to our African roots. The Karamu is a communal and cooperative effort. Ceremonies and cultural expressions are highly encouraged. It is important to decorate the place where the Karamu will be held, (e.g., home, community center, church) in an African motif that utilizes black, red, and green color scheme. A large Kwanzaa setting should dominate the room where the karamu will take place. A large Mkeka should be placed in the center of the floor where the food should be placed creatively and made accessible to all for self-service. Prior to and during the feast, an informative and entertaining program should be presented. Traditionally, the program involved welcoming, remembering, reassessment, recommitment and rejoicing, concluded by a farewell statement and a call for greater unity.
Below is a suggested format for the Karamu program, from a model by Dr. Karenga.
Kukaribisha (Welcoming) Introductory Remarks and Recognition of Distinguished Guests and All Elders. Cultural Expression (Songs, Music, Group Dancing, Poetry, Performances, Unity Circles)
Kuumba (Remembering) Reflections of a Man, Woman and Child. Cultural Expression
Kuchunguza Tena Na Kutoa Ahadi Tena (Reassessment and Recommitment) Introduction of Distinguished Guest Lecturer and Short Talk.
Kushangilla (Rejoicing)
Tamshi la Tambiko (Libation Statement)
It is tradition to pour libation in remembrance of the ancestors on all special occasions. Kwanzaa, is such an occasion, as it provides us an opportunity to reflect on our African past and American present. Water is suggested as it holds the essence of life and should be placed in a communal cup and poured in the direction of the four winds; north, south, east, and west. It should then be passed among family members and guests who may either sip from the cup or make a sipping gesture.
LIBATION STATEMENT
For The Motherland cradle of civilization. For the ancestors and their indomitable spirit For the elders from whom we can learn much. For our youth who represent the promise for tomorrow. For our people the original people. For our struggle and in remembrance of those who have struggled on our behalf. For Umoja the principle of unity which should guide us in all that we do. For the creator who provides all things great and small.. Kikombe Cha Umoja (Unity Cup) Kutoa Majina (Calling Names of Family Ancestors and Black Heroes) Ngoma (Drums) Karamu (Feast)
Tamshi la Tutaonana (The Farewell Statement)

Stolen Legacy* Egyptian Mystery System* (secret science)

Secret Science: Numeral symbols geographic symbols, myths, parables book of the dead*

There are 9 major planets,
(2) The Sun is the parent of the others planets- this is later being supported by --Nebular Hypothesis.
Let's remember, also that the worship of planet begain in Egypt. Temples were the first observations of history. In addition, to prove the existence of God or the first cause by reference; Actually, Aristotle simply followed the tradition custom of the one who use the principle of "Opposites" in order to explain the functions of nature.
-Plato, used it, through the theory of "Ideas", to explain the real and unreal in the phenomena of nature. - Socrates used it in order to estab lish the fact of immortality by showing that the death of one form of life, existing things.... The beginning of another form of life of these things, In other words Life is perpetual, it only changes it form in its cause of process. -Democritus applied the principle, of Opposites in his interpretation, of a particular phase of reality. We can not therefore, consider Aristotle's review of the doctrines. Previous Philosophers including Plato together with his exposure of their errors and inconsistencies, showed that he had become confident , not only of the fact that he was in possession of a new and correct knowledge , had not before been made available to the greeks. Also, that he could then speak with authority, right here and now.....
I must say that I am convinced that Aristotle represented a culture gap of 5,000 years or more between his innovation and the greeks level of civilization. My reason being....it is impossible to escape the convictions that he ordained in his education and books from a nation outside of Greece, the Egyptians who were way far in advance of the culture of greek of his day.

According to the doctrine that has been ascribed to Aristotle: matter, motion of time are eternal , therefore the world is also eternal. He plainly accepted and repeats a doctrine which has also been ascribed to Democritus (400 yrs B.C.) whose dictum we all are familar with...
ex. nihillo nihil fit....(nothing more nothing left) and consequently, as a matter of the world must always have existed. The antiquity of the doctrine of eternal nature of matter, take us back to the creation story of Memphite Theology of the Egyptians. In which Chaos is represented by Primeval Ocean Nun. Out of which there arose Primeval Hill Ta-tjenen Under these, circumstances we can not give Aristotle credit for the authorship of this document. In addition, to the false document that has been attributed to Aristotle.
Aristotle contradicts himself in his physics VIII 25. When he speaks of the world as a caused a thing , cannot be eternal and infinite and at the same time finite

New Discovery in the World's Oldest Star Map

UPDATED ANCIENT ASTRONOMY:
The astronomical knowledge of the ancient Egyptians turns out to be surprising broader than previously imagined. According to a new analysis, the world's oldest star- map seems to contain information of an actual celestial event of its time. This recent discovery, uncovers the earlies scienticfic description of an otherwise rare but not unknown celestial phenomenon.
This 3,500- year old star map, which decorates one of the ceilings in the tomb of SENUMUT (Senenmut) near Luxor (Thebes), appararently demonstrates a previously unknown aspect of the astronomical situation in Egypt around 1,500 BC. This revelations is the result of investigations by Danish researcher Ove von Spaeth, and published in July-August-00 in vol. 42 of the international journal of history of science "Centaurus".

The Map configurations have been considered mostly as mythological displays, are now disclolsed to be accurate depictions of a rare gathering of planets in well-defined celestial positions. The information contained in the map refers to a specific point of time. The re-evaluations of this subsequent maps give birth to perspectives: by introducing these new reference points of time, the appropriate chronology of the epoch in question, which has been much disputed, may now be dated with considerably greater precision than hertofore possible.

http://www.moses-egypt.net/star-map/senmut1-mapdate_en.asp

Journey to the Empire of Mali

The storytellers called griots tell of ancient Mali, an empire that grew rich on the trade routes of the Sahara from the 13th to the 16th centuries. Mali came to power under the leadership of Mari Diata, who later became known as Sundiata, or "the lion prince". Sundiata came out of exile to defeat the king of the Susu in 1230, and he brought the Malinke chiefs together under his rule. His people believed Sundiata to be a powerful magician king, and most of what we know about him has been passed down through centuries by the griots.
Mansa Musa, who ruled from 1307 until approximately 1337, led Mali into the height of its power. During his reign, Mali took over the trading cities Timbuktu and Gao. Mansa Musa sent ambassadors to Egypt and the other North African states, and brought Egyptian scholars to his cities. He went on a pilgrimage to Mecca and spread the fame of Mali as far as Europe. When he returned home, he brought back ideas from the countries he visited and a desire to reform his country's religion, making it more like orthodox Islam.
Read more about the ancient kingdoms of Africa online and in the library:
On the Web
Ancient Africahttp://www.penncharter.com/Student/africa/index.html
This site briefly compares the governments of ancient Mali, Ghana, and Songhay. See artifacts from the old kingdoms and learn more about their cultures.
Kids Edition and Biography Resource Center via CRRL's Online Databaseshttp://www.answerpoint.org/subpage.asp?category_id=28
Use your CRRL library card to get magazine and encyclopedia articles on the Mali Empire, Mansa Musa, and Sundiata Keita.
Mr. Dowling's Electronic Passport: Ancient Africahttp://www.mrdowling.com/609-timbuktu.html
Articles describe Timbuktu, Mansa Musa, and Sundiata and have links to additional sources. Mr. Dowling is a geography teacher in West Palm Beach, Florida.
The Story of Africa: West African Kingdomshttp://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/index_section4.shtml
Learn about the old ancient kingdoms of Mali, Ghana, Kaneum, Songhay, Hausa States, Asante, Ife and Benin. A rich site complete with maps and online recordings of the BBC programs.
Timbuktu, Mali from the History Channelhttp://www.historychannel.com/classroom/unesco/timbuktu.html
Timbuktu, the great trading city, had its beginnings when a young herder woman named Buktu found an oasis for her herds during the dry season. Timbuktu (Buktu's Well) went on to become an important stop for nomads and traders in the Sahara region.
In the Library
Encarta Africana compact disc is available on the library computers at many branches. Call for availability.
Ghana, Mali, Songhay: The Western Sudan. Mann, Kenny.Juvenile Non-Fiction 966.1 Ma
Learn about the three kingdoms: their legends, politics, and religion. Illustrated with designs from ancient pottery and weaving.
Mansa Musa: The Lion of Mali. Burns, Khephra.Juvenile Fiction Bur
Read the beautiful legend of the boy who grew up to become Mali's great fourteenth-century leader, Mansa Musa.
The Road to TimbuktuVideo 9.60 W87
Although not geared to elementary grades, this PBS special gives a fascinating tour of the ancient empires of Africa. The series has a related Internet site.
Sundiata: Lion King of Mali. Wisniewski, David.Juvenile Non-Fiction 921 Sundi
Sundiata's story of victory both for himself and his land is retold with glorious illustrations. The notes at the end give information on the ancient African kingdoms.
Sundiata: The Epic of the Lion King, Retold. Bertol, Roland.Juvenile Non-Fiction 398.22 BE
A retelling of the African epic in which a cast out child grew up to become the liberator and founder of the great empire of old Mali.
The Royal Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay: Life in Medieval Africa. McKissack, Pat.Juvenile Non-Fiction 966.1 Mc
A history of the wealthy civilizations of the Western Sudan which flourished from 700 to 1700. The book theorizes contact between the African empires and Mesoamerica.